Which description correctly defines normally open and normally closed contacts and their effect on outputs when actuated?

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Normal open and normal closed define how a contact behaves in the resting state and how it changes when actuated. A normally open contact is open when the actuator is not energized, and it closes when actuated, completing the circuit and allowing current to flow to energize the output. A normally closed contact is closed when the actuator is not energized, and it opens when actuated, breaking the circuit and causing the output to de-energize. This is why the description that NO closes on actuation and energizes the output, while NC opens on actuation and de-energizes the output, is the correct one. The other options either describe inverted behavior, refer to irrelevant material properties, or claim NO always energizes regardless of actuation, which contradicts how these contacts operate.